Throughout History, The Roles Of Genders Have Acted In

Throughout history, the roles of genders have acted in many different ways. Women seemed to be considered fragile, while men were the strong and emotionless. Coming into the light in the 1920’s was Ernest Hemingway’s novel that switched these positions. Hemingway displayed gender roles in The Sun also Rises in a cunning new way. The traditional ways of the 1920’s for men and women were incorporated into his novel making the reversed roles more realistic to his readers. From the beginning to the end of the novel, Hemingway included points that challenged the stereotypical roles of men and women. To start the novel, Jake Barnes begins to describe Robert Cohn and his time as a â€Å"Middleweight Boxing Champion.† Even though this position can be†¦show more content†¦Jake not only indicates that him and Brett could have been good together, he also speaks for all of the characters in the sense that everyone has their dreams that can not be fulfilled. The best any of them could do was indulge in their fantasies. Not only does Hemingway show the reversed roles of the character’s mentally, but he also shows it by the way of their actions and physical appearance. When Brett was first introduced in the novel, she came into a club with a group of homosexual men. Other than the fact that homosexuals were considered odd and unethical in the 1920’s, Jake felt uncomfortable by their presence. The matter of Jake being unable to reproduce and these men who were obviously capable of such an activity but refused to use it in that way made Jake insecure and weaker in his own mind. According to Dana Fore (2010), â€Å"...Jake will never achieve the psychological stability he craves because...his injury-and other ideas, in turn, will always leave him vulnerable to the fear that he will ‘degenerate’ into an invalid or a ‘pervert’.†Along with the fact she was in the company of these men, she was dres sed in a very non-traditional way. 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Private Financial Intermediaries and Worlds Central Banks Book Report/Review

Essays on Private Financial Intermediaries and Worlds Central Banks Book Report/Review ï » ¿Private Financial Intermediaries and World's Central Banks Financial intermediaries are charged with the aim of facilitating transfer of risk and also offering solution to the intertemporal cash flow dilemma. Financial intermediaries solve the problem of intertemporal cash flow by matching the client with the surplus and the ones with deficit (CALUNIVERSITY, 2007). Although the financial intermediaries, usually offers advice to their client there is need to solve the problem of moral hazard that arise after does not utilize the funds for the intended invest but venture into a more risky invest. Therefore, the concept of interest in case is risk return trade off of interest in consideration of the most feasible investment. This paper will discuss the concept of risk return trade off paying special consideration to the application of concepts. In this case an individual will measure the risk of investment by calculating the variation in the returns of the investment. In this case the individual uses the standard deviation. The returns of the assets in this case are the expected returns. An individual faced with an asset offering the same returns but asset A has high risk rate than asset B. The individual will choose asset B, if the asset faced the same risks but A had higher return than B, the investor would choose asset B. Investors in the business world usually use the level of risk associated with certain project and the returns of such project in determining the most feasible project to invest in. In investing an investor is certain of a return that the market is offering, this referred to as the risk free return, and in addition to these the project has uncertain future returns. It also asserted that under this concept an individual usually holds risk free asset and the risky asset. In order to arrive at the optimal portfolio an individual select the portfolio that lies along the efficient frontier. Chapter 2: The World’s Central Banks and Regulatory Authorities Every country has a regulatory body to regulate its financial markets, in most countries the body assigned this role is the central bank (public financial institutions). Central bank has many policies and tools which they use to stabilize the economy of the concerned state. In the book finance and private financial intermediaries, the author discusses in deep several central banks and their regulatory roles, of interest in this case is one of the tools used by the central bank, the monetary policy (CALUNIVERSITY, 2007). Monetary policy tools are used so to stabilize economies from macroeconomics phenomenon such as inflation, currency depreciation and under investment. Some of the monetary policy tools that have been utilized by these banks include the open market operation. In this case the government buys and sells security, for example in times of inflation the central bank sell securities to the members of the public so as to mop the excess money in circulation the vice versa happens in times deflation. The second tool is where the central banks raise or lowers reserve requirement this action will be to reduce increase the money in possession of the commercial banks. The central bank can also increase or decrease the lending rate to the commercial banks and this has a positive momentum with the lending rate the commercial banks extend credits to their customers (Walsh, 2003). In conclusion the monetary policy tools are vital as the central banks of most part of the world the tools as measure to stabilize the economy to a sustainable level this can be show cased by way the monetary policy has helped in resolving major financial crisis such as the Asian financial crisis. Works Cited CALUNIVERSITY. (2007). FIN 540 Capital Markets. California: California InterContinental University. Walsh, C. (2003). Monetary theory and policy. Massachusetts: MIT Press.

21st Century Leadership-Literature Review-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Literature Review on 21st Century Leadership. Answer: Introduction Leadership refers to the art of co-coordinating and guiding people in such a way that the whole organization achieves competence along with the fulfillment of the personal objective of employees as well. There have been many role, practices, and theories defined with respect to leadership process, but it shall be noted that leadership is the quality of a manager which they inherit in their attitude and help others to achieve their targets. According to Antonakis, and Day (2017) 21st century leadership is the approach initiated by the companies currently prevailing in the market. It refers to the skills with the help of which the manager inspire other to modify their thoughts and actions in such a way that vision of the company is achieved. This type of leadership provides a better understanding of the task in the company and it also aligns the interest of all the level of management at the same time. Working with all people and making no person depressed is the main objective of this type of leadership. Further Arroliga et. al., (2014) states that the manager of the 21st century should be capable enough to analyze the expertise present with them and organize them accordingly so as to achieve success in the global environment. Further, the literature review provides a brief overview of the predicted key competencies of the 21st century leader, how they are distinct from classical leadership, and the underlying cause of such changes in leadership activities. Further details about the task are discussed below. Predicted key competencies for 21st century leaders Talking about the earlier times, it shall be noted that not much of the businesses were confronted with the major problem and also there were also not many problems attracted by businesses in the global market. Resulting to which companies and managers did not require enough efficiency to manage the activities of the business (Melcher, et. al., 2017). But with the emerging time, business, people, resources and the market features also became complex due to which the leaders became competent to handle the situations efficiently. There are many competencies required in a 21st century leader so as to lead effectively which are discussed below: Visionary and strategic leader: He is the one who knows the way, shows the ways and goes the way. If the leader of the organization is visionary, which means he believes in creating objective for the organization and strongly upholding them so as to maximize the level of profits for the company. The vision of the company helps the management to build a path which they shall follow and achieve the goals defined by the organization. Without adequate vision, no organization can achieve growth and succeed in the target market. Vision gives the parameter to the organization on the basis of which they can compare their activities and attain leadership in the target market. Apart from being a visionary, the leader also needs to strategically capable to implement the vision and achieve them. Vision can only be achieved in the organization through strategies and their implementation. Thus, it is one of the most important competencies of a 21st century leader (O'Connell 2014). Good Communicator: communication is the key to a successful business in the global environment as it enhances the understanding between two people in the organization and thus enhances the work as well. There is numerous benefit of good communication in the workplace environment. Without communication, the leader of the organization will not be able to understand the issues of the employee nor will the team understand or co-operate with the leader in the organization. Thus, in order to initiate smooth flow of work, Norris (2017) states that the leader needs to initiate effective communication in the organization. Talking about the 21st century leader, he needs to be competent enough to understand the issues of the employees and resolve in such a manner that all the levels of management from top to bottom are satisfied. Further, the leader is the one with the help of which communication becomes efficient in the organization (Antonakis, and Day 2017). Proficient in technical and professional skills: in an organization, all the people seek advice from the leader before implementing any plan. The leader is the one person who develops a plan and initiates activities accordingly so as to gain the defined targets. Further, it shall be noted that in order to develop an action plan and implement them with their activities, a leader needs to have adequate knowledge and understanding of their work and duties. They can only fulfill their work if they have the technical and professional skills to carry out a plan innovatively (Stanley 2016). In this fast running world, people who do not use the updated and efficient technology are left behind, resulting to which it is important for the leader to use technical skills in the completion of the tasks. Informal relationships in the organization harm the professional working environment of the organization. With such environment the workers become lethargic and do not feel like working, thus it is the duty of the leader to develop professional environment so that more productivity is enhanced in the organization (Gibson 2017). Problem Solver: Organizations daily faces problem during their course of action, and if these problems are not resolved efficiently then they will arise again. Thus, the leader of the organization is the one who aims to solve all the problems related to workplace issues. The leader shall aim to solve the problems effectively so that the workings of the organization do not get stuck in the same issue again and again (Landy, and Conte 2016). Thus, effective problem solving techniques is one of the core competencies of the 21st century leader. Manage to the diversified workforce: Talking about the earlier times, it shall be noted that at that time business were small and the workforce also had limited scope of expansion due to which it was easy for the management to manage the workforce activities. But with the expanding businesses, the workplace management activities have also increased with the increase in workforce. In accordance to which the manager also need to implement authoritative human resource activities to manage them. Further nowadays more skills and competencies are present in human resource which the manager needs to fully utilize in order to gain profits for the organization (Martin, et. al., 2017). Thus in order to analyze and develop such competencies in human resource and make use of the efficiencies the manager needs to develop skills to manage diversified human resource. Apart from that large scale business also hire expatriate, so the leader need to strongly upload to cross-cultural training process s o that aim is achieved. Embracing innovation: In this competitive world in order to gain the competitive advantage, the leader needs to use their techniques in an innovative manner so as to differentiate from the crowd. In the competitive world, it is the need of every business to initiate their activities and present them in the global market in such a way that they easily gain the competitive edge and differentiate themselves in the global market. Innovation is the tool which shall be used with proper information, as it is a risky tool and create destructions as well. Thus, according to Harrison, (2017), the manager shall be competent enough to make use of the innovation and bring positive outcomes for the organization. Maintaining ethical responsibility: Being a leader of the 21st century, it is their duty and utmost responsibility to initiate activities for the betterment of the environment along with their business. So, for that, the leaders initiate activities in their organization so that their corporate social responsibilities are also fulfilled. The objective of organizational leaders is to work together and grow together as well. Theories to consider under contemporary approach of leadership Attribution theory: this theory suggests that the leaders judgment about their team members is highly influenced by their attribution of cause of the employees. The model explains two facets that are, attribution of leader and their reaction on the meager performance by subordinates; and the attribution of the observer and their reaction on the poor performance by the leader. Charismatic leadership: Weber states that charismatic leader is the one who states the missions and goals in accordance with the personal interest of the team members as well. This type of leadership explained by Dreachslin et. al., (2017) states that the trust of the followers on their leader; they believe that their leader has extraordinary qualities in the guidance of which they achieve their targets in the business process. Transactional leadership: Such leaders maintain a formal relationship with their team members. The leader-follower relationship helps the organization to easily achieve their targets. As this type of leadership punishes the employees on mistakes and use a strict code of conduct with offering reward as well due to which non-performance and non-compliance are properly market and focused. Transactional leadership is usually influential because it is regarded as the best interest of the team members to what the leader asks for (Crossan, et. al., 2017). Transformation leadership: this type of theory leads the employees of the company by aligning their personal goals with the goals of the organization. This will help the organization to achieve collective success. Also due to this type of leadership the employees morale boost up as they aim to achieve their personal target due to which goals of the organization is also achieved. There are four tools used by the transformational leader which are charisma, individuality, inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation (Nawaz, and Khan 2016). Similarities and differences with classical leadership capabilities The meaning of leadership and its outcomes will never change, change will occur only in the process of leadership that is in their approaches. So, the fact shall be noted is that only the process to apply leadership in the organization changes not the objective for initiation changes. As mentioned above with the emerging environment, it becomes the need of the leader to implement their activities sustainably in complex conditions also. 21st century leadership explains that the leader shall look after the interest of employees and the organization as well and then implement plans innovatively so as to achieve the target (Hays et al., 2012). Further, the theories related to this concept are discussed below: Trait Theories: this theory is similar to the Great Man theories of leadership. This type of theory believes that the leaders are born with some similar general traits inherited in them which help them initiating the leadership activities in the business or personal life. The theory states that the entire well-known leaders possess the same type of traits in their nature (Kourdi and Bibb 2007). These are those traits which differentiate a leader from rest of the crowd in the world. Further, some these traits are : Positive energy confidence honesty and integrity good communication skills Charisma creativity Motivator skilled and qualified Behavioral Theories: This approach of leadership states that the leadership signs which a leader possesses are not the characteristics or their traits, instead it is their behavior. Further, according to Nahavandi, (2016) it shall be said that strong leadership is an outcome of effective behavior. Basically, according to this approach, the leader uses three main skills to lead their team which are human, technical and conceptual. Human refers to the skills and abilities involved which helps the leader to interact and share their views, further technical refers to the knowledge of the leader towards the work and their technical abilities as well; lastly conceptual refers to the idea and strategies of the leader which helps them to create and implement plans and actions. This approach of leadership states that is the behavior of the leader will help them to accomplish their goals whereas vice versa would discard them from the market. According to Isaccon (2012) Determination, effective communication, motivation, team spirit etc. are some of the functional behaviors which the leader shall possess in order to become successful. Situational Theories: this theory states that the leadership in an organization is affected by the situation from which the leader arises and circumstances in which they work. Further, it can be stated as situational leadership is practiced according to the situation present in the environment, the leader works according to condition of the external and external market. In this method, the leader identifies the requirements of their team members and regulates methods which help the followers to fulfill their wants. Further, the situational theory states that there is no particular style or approach to leadership but they highly depend on situations and change accordingly. Lastly, it shall be noted that according to Gunn (2009) all type of leadership is right and justifiable, but the 21st century leadership only states that the leader shall inherit skills and follow them in accordance to the market and workplace conditions. Causes of changes to leadership competencies Globalization: globalization gives a wider arena to organizations to compete with each other. Globalization influences complexities in the market due to which organizations loses it pace in environment. So, the best manager is the one who helps the team to move in the right direction even after facing complexities in the environments (Lounsbury et. al., 2016). Advancement in technology: with increasing technology, organizations are growing and gain competence, but it is becoming difficult manage such technologies, on the initial level companies adopt hi-tech technology but later it becomes difficult for them to make use of it effectively which results in destruction. Thus, in order to manger the workings of the organization, it became the need for the leader to develop competent skills and knowledge and excel in the market. Increase in competition: with the increase in competition, it has become difficult for organizations to sustain in the environment with regular business model. Resulting to which, it is the duty of the managers to initiate innovative activities in organization so as to cut competition and gain an identified image in the market (Davis 2013). Critical analysis the academic research on 21st century leadership Hays and Christoper (2012) state that 21st century leader should be the one who builds relationship in the social environment and develop understanding capabilities in team. The leaders need to encourage the staff and other members and initiate collaboration of all the activities towards achievement of goals of the organization. Guns (2009) expressed that transformational leadership helps in creating a contemporary external environment for the organization. It is important to make transformational changes and use innovations to develop extraordinary output for the company. Shared leadership is a concept on which Crevani et al. (2007) state that this concept of shared leadership alters the post-heroic era evolution with the collective development process of individuals. Further Greer (2013) gave a view that leadership should always be flexible and mold them according to the changing market conditions. Conclusion Thus in the limelight of above mentioned events, it shall be noted that 21st century leadership is not any style or approach to initiate leadership in the organization but it only expresses the ways in which an organization can achieve success with the help of possessing right competence and skills in the right situation. Further many literatures have been derived from 21st century leadership which talks about different ways of implementing leadership in the organization. The above mentioned task successfully delivers all the details about the 21t century leadership. References Antonakis, J. and Day, D.V. eds., 2017.The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Arroliga, A.C., Huber, C., Myers, J.D., Dieckert, J.P. and Wesson, D., 2014. Leadership in health care for the 21st century: challenges and opportunities.The American journal of medicine,127(3), pp.246-249. Crossan, M.M., Byrne, A., Seijts, G.H., Reno, M., Monzani, L. and Gandz, J., 2017. Toward a framework of leader character in organizations.Journal of Management Studies. Davis. R., 2013. Leading through uncertainty. Viewed on November 21, 2017 from https://books.google.lk Dreachslin, J.L., Weech-Maldonado, R., Gail, J., Epan, J.P. and Wainio, J.A., 2017. Blueprint for Sustainable Change in Diversity Management and Cultural Competence: Lessons From the National Center for Healthcare Leadership Diversity Demonstration Project.Journal of Healthcare Management,62(3), pp.171-183. Gibson, P.K., 2017. Workforce Education Leadership in the Twenty-First Century. InEncyclopedia of Strategic Leadership and Management(pp. 718-727). IGI Global. Gunn. A., 2009. The Audacity of Leadership Viewed on November 21, 2017 from https://books.google.lk// Harrison, A.E., 2017. Exploring Millennial Leadership Development: An Evidence Assessment of Information Communication Technology and Reverse Mentoring Competencies.Case Studies in Business and Management,4(1), p.25. Hays et al., 2012. Transforming leadership for the 21st Century. Viewed on November 21, 2017 from https://books.google.lk/ Isaccon. W., 2012. The real leadership lessons of SteveJobs Viewed on November 21, 2017 from https://hbr.org/2012/04/the-real-leadership-lessons-of-steve-jobs Kourdi and Bibb., 2007. AQuestion of Trust: The Crucial Nature of Trust in Business, Work Life -and How toBuild It. Viewed on November 21, 2017 fromsallybibb.com/my-books/a-question-of-trust/ Landy, F.J. and Conte, J.M., 2016.Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons. Lounsbury, J.W., Sundstrom, E.D., Gibson, L.W., Loveland, J.M. and Drost, A.W., 2016. Core personality traits of managers.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(2), pp.434-450. Martin, B., Breunig, M., Wagstaff, M. and Goldenberg, M., 2017.Outdoor leadership. Human Kinetics. Melcher, M.L., Greco, R.S., Krummel, T.M., Morris, A.M. and Hawn, M.T., 2017. Preparation for the Diversity of 21st Century Surgical Leadership Opportunities Demands Diverse Opportunities for" Professional Development".Annals of Surgery. Nahavandi, A., 2016.The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Nawaz, Z.A.K.D.A. and Khan_PhD, I., 2016. Leadership Theories and Styles: A Literature Review.Leadership,16. Norris, S.E., 2017. What Motivates an Individual to Lead and Engage in Leadership Development?. InEncyclopedia of Strategic Leadership and Management(pp. 696-706). IGI Global. O'Connell, P.K., 2014. A simplified framework for 21st century leader development.The Leadership Quarterly,25(2), pp.183-203. Stanley, D., 2016. Leadership Theories and Styles.Clinical Leadership in Nursing and Healthcare: Values into Action, pp.25-46.

Red Crabs of Christmas Island free essay sample

Red Crabs of Christmas Island Red Crabs are a crustaceous species that live on Christmas Island, located just south of Indonesia. They are a very important part of the ecosystem of the island, and have mainly good benefits for us humans. They’re very famous as well, known for the mass migrations which turn the roads of Christmas Island red. Red Crabs play a very important role in the ecosystem of Christmas Island, they are herbaceous and eat plants, which helps fertilize the ground, and they also provide food to the two other species of crab on the island; Robber Crabs Blue Crabs. The Robber Crabs eat the Red Crabs Blue Crabs, and the Blue Crabs eat the Red Crabs. Red Crabs cannot be eaten by people, whereas Blue Robber Crabs can be. The reason Red Crabs are so famous, is because of one of a few things; their migration. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Crabs of Christmas Island or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They migrate by the millions to cliffs by the ocean, with millions of crabs dying on the road due to cars and other human disturbance. This is where the males will dig burrows and often fight with the other male Red crabs, and eventually mate with the females. The females normally wait around 10 days, and then head to the ocean at full moon where they will release the eggs, which hatch immediately upon contact with water. The baby Red Crabs then drift out to the open ocean, where they can be eaten by Whale Sharks and other fish, but normally every year they return back to the beach, and cover the rocks, which makes them look like they’re covered in blood. After a few days, they begin their migration back to the forest, and the carnage on the road begins once again. The entire process of the migration and reproduction takes around 5 weeks in total. The Red Crabs are an advantage to Christmas Island’s economy because it brings in lots of tourists during this phenomenal event, but tend to cause destruction of things such as causing flat tires in cars, some people having a flat tire per day or more. This is the only real major effect on humans however, because all the people living there have learned to adjust to the crabs, with many accepting them and not caring if any crabs happen to walk into their house. The island, as mentioned above, has two other species of crabs, the Blue Crab and Robber Crab. The Blue Crabs are slightly bigger than the Red Crab, and like them, also migrate to the ocean, but with fewer numbers. They also tend to be more aggressive and eat the Red Crabs. Robber Crabs, are considerably larger stronger than the Blue Crabs and Red Crabs, and are also known as Coconut Crabs due to their ability to break open coconuts. They’re very aggressive, often killing Red Blue Crabs, and only tolerate each other when food is plentiful. Like Blue Crabs, they are edible to humans, but had a ban on them for a few years due to their species becoming vulnerable from over hunting. In all, the Red Crabs of Christmas Island are a very unique and interesting species, and despite the fact that millions die during migration, their numbers are still sky-high at around 81 million in 1997.

Brotherly Love essays

Brotherly Love essays BROTHERLY LOVE The snow fell from the night sky like millions of little white stars that lost their hold on the firmament. Little Sammy always one to love the snow ignored it for the moment, showing uncharacteristic concern for his brother. "What's the matter Todd? You've been acting strange all day. I know something's on your mind or you wouldn't have that look on your face. You always look that way when something's wrong". "Oh, it's nothing important little brother, just problems with Sandra again last night. The date went fine and I actually liked the flick this time but later in the back seat I shot jungle juice everywhere before we could even get started. If this had been the first time I wouldn't be so angry but dammit," he accented his curse by punching his thigh, "it's been four times now". Sammy's brow creased for a moment in thought and then his eyes lit up. Being a bit too quick of a thinker, Sammy often stated the obvious and did so now. "Remember that scare you had when you were slamming saddles every night with Judith? She had to go out and buy a pregnancy test. Obviously you weren't having much trouble with her; I think it must have something to do with Sandra herself". Todd could almost see the light Sammy was basking in from the bulb above his head and offered the tyke a warm smile. Sammy was only twelve years old but sometimes he dissapointed Todd with his slow wits. He liked to encourage the boy though and did not mention that he had already come to this conclusion quite some time ago. Even Albert Einstein had trouble in his youth and he could see that Sammy had that kind of potential. In fact he was lucky his brother could think at all. Some kids were born retarded you know. "That's probably right kid but I just don't know what it could be about her that makes me miss the boat and jizz every time. I mean I got my lovebone all poised to slip inside that perfec...

Nissan Altima Electric Mode Hybrid Car Question

Nissan Altima Electric Mode Hybrid Car Question Hello Christine and Scott, I was very relieved to find your pages under About.com and find out I could email you. A few weeks ago we purchased a 2008 Nissan Altima Hybrid and recently we noticed something that has us worried: the gasoline engine kicks on a few seconds after starting the car and while the car is still in PARK. It stays on EV MODE for only the first few seconds. This is not what we expected! We thought (from research) that the high voltage battery would have total control at startup, low speeds, and when not moving (at a stop sign /red light). In other words, NO GASOLINE being used at these times. EV MODE the whole time! We also observed: 1. After we shift to D, DRIVE, it happens again every time the vehicle comes to a full stop while at a stop sign or red light and were not moving for more than a few seconds. 2. The engine stays on for at least a minute and then shuts off, EV MODE resumes and all is quiet until I start moving and accelerating. 3. This behavior seems to happen when the engine is cold, in other words, when it hasnt been used for hours (e.g. first drive in the morning) and keeps happening for about 1/2 hour or so during that first drive. After 1/2 hour or so, this stops happening. In other words, the EV MODE sign comes on and STAYS ON the whole time the car is stopped (idle) at a stop sign/red traffic light or while the car is in PARK but still on. This is what we thought would ALWAYS happen! 4. There is one exception to what I just said in item 3 above. Today for the first time, while at a red light, and after the car went into EV MODE, the engine kicked on even though I had just driven the car for at least one hour at high speeds on highway. Is something wrong with my car? I noticed on your website that you own your own 2008 Nissan Hybrid. Please tell me whats happening with yours. At first my husband thought that this was due to the cold weather (under 40 degrees). But today, the temperature was at 48 degrees and it still didnt stay in EV MODE at startup. Please help. I am afraid this might be a defective car. Dora PS. Yesterday I drove the car to the dealer and the salesperson that sold us the car told us that he has seen it happen before and that it is normal. He even had me drive another hybrid (2007) that had not been sold yet and sure enough, seconds after the car started, the EV MODE signal disappeared and the engine started EVEN THOUGH I was still in park mode. I dont know whether to believe him or not. I also dont find any info on manual to either identify this behavior as normal or not normal. Hey Dora, Thanks for writing - good questions. We understand your concerns. No worries – it sounds as if your 2008 Altima Hybrid is working perfectly normally. Your husband is right - it does have a lot to do with the cold temperatures, and there actually are several conditions that will make the engine on your car run, regardless of your input. They are: State of battery charge Temperature of the engine and hybrid components Ambient air temperature When you start the car, it will usually start the engine after just a few seconds, even if its been only a few hours since youve last driven it. The computer does this automatically to warm the engine, hybrid battery and associated hybrid components. Under mild weather conditions, the engine should shut off after just a few minutes, but when it’s colder out, it could take substantially longer- it also depends upon the amount of charge left in the hybrid battery. If it’s on the low side, the engine may continue running to charge the battery up to full capacity. Also, and this is especially true in the winter (and if you are using the heater and/or the defroster a lot), the engine will run longer. The engine has to run to warm the cabin- and the higher you have the heat set (and the longer it’s on), the more the engine will run. If you have electrically heated seats, using those can help minimize the need to heat the cabin air as much, thus minimizing the engine ru nning time also. Even if you are stopped for a minute or more at a traffic light and the car is in EV mode, if any of these conditions come up (low battery, car needing heat), the engine will start. Again, all of this is normal. You’ll notice as we get into spring and early summer (and you won’t be needing the heat/defroster as much), everything will come up to operating temperature quicker and the Altima Hybrid will stay in EV mode much longer. In the summertime when it gets really hot and you’re using the AC a lot, you could notice that it runs the engine more. The AC compressor runs off electricity, so you may find the engine kicks on more often to keep the battery charged. Just bear in mind that this is a hybrid electric car and is reliant upon the gasoline engine to keep the entire system up and running. Even though you can drive in electric mode, it’s still more of an assistant than a main power source. Your Altima uses Toyota’s Synergy Drive System- in our opinion, it is the best one available. As you get used to this car, we bet you’ll not only be able to maximize the EV mode driving (and fuel economy), but come to love it as well. For your reference, here’s an article we wrote about hybrids and cold temps, and some info about obtaining the best mileage from your hybrid via hypermiling. (Yep, Scott hypermiled in the Altima Hybrid- look what it can do. Thanks for visiting our site and writing- please feel free to let us know if you have any more questions. Best regards, Christine Scott

The use of Derivatives markets and products by a company Essay

The use of Derivatives markets and products by a company - Essay Example Derivatives serve as ideal substitutes for complex investment strategies at a minimal cost. (Haugh and Lo 2001) Firms using derivatives have lesser risk exposure than which do not use.(Hentschel and Kothari, 2001) The banks who have used interest rate derivatives have shown higher growth in lending than those banks who do not use derivatives. (Brewer, Minton, and Moser 2000) From Micro-economic point of view, derivatives in different forms have the following functions. Swaps: These are mostly OTC contracts having longer period than options and futures and serve the purpose of meeting needs single client of a Bank or any institution. They afford firms to have new investment opportunities to hedge against any risks in currency rates, interest rates, and credit default etc. It is the periodical payments that represent the risks undertaken by these contracts and not their notional value. Futures: These are capable of increasing market efficiency and liquidity. Depending on national and international laws, this type of derivatives display very high transparency and are used to hedge and speculate in financial and commodity segments. Options: These are similar to futures but do not reflect clearly the underlying assets and do not give unique empirical results unlike options. The notional value does not represent the risk undertaken but the premium paid for opening and closing signify the extent of investment. Repos: These are unique to inter-banking transactions between RCB and European inter-bank system and are meant for finance liquidity rather than to hedge or speculate. The use of derivatives by a company is proposed to be demonstrated in this paper by the example of Glaxo Smithkline (GSK), world's one of the largest pharmaceutical giants. GSK uses derivatives among various finance instruments to finance its operations and manage market risks. The company's derivatives are mainly foreign currency contracts, interest rates and currency swaps. It uses them for swapping of its borrowings and liquid assets into currencies needed for the entire group of the plc. It uses derivatives to guard against changes in foreign exchange currency rates and interest rates. The derivatives are not used for speculation but only used to hedge against its own risks stemming from targeted business operations. It neither issues nor holds derivative financial instruments for trading purposes as a company policy. They are initially shown at cost in the Balance Sheet and revalued subsequently on the relevant reporting dates at fair value. The ones that are treated as hedges are designated as fair value hedges, cash flow hedges or net investment hedges. Changes in fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges are shown in the income s tatement with corresponding entries in the hedged asset or liability. Those designated as cash flow hedges are reflected in equity to the extent they are effective. The remaining portion that is not effective is reflected in profit and loss account at the same time. Those deferred in equity are later taken to income statement when the hedged asset results in

Prejudice Vs. Tolerance, God And Religion, Violence And Creulty Themes Essay

Prejudice Vs. Tolerance, God And Religion, Violence And Creulty Themes in A Good Man is Hard to Find - Essay Example "A Good Man Is Hard to Find," the title selection of O'Connor's 1955 collection, has received a great deal of critical attention. The story serves as an excellent introduction to O'Connor's fiction because it contains all the elements that typify O'Connor's work: a combination of humor and horror, grotesque characters, and an opportunity for characters to accept God's grace. Here the author narrates the story in juxtaposition with predominantly three prime themes viz. Prejudice vs. tolerance, God and religion and over all violence in relation to cruelty. To deal with the story it should be remembered that first the circumstantial evidences prevailing at the point of time. The socio-economic context is the most important scenario to understand the narrative of the story. The Civil Rights Movement Fueled with the speeches of Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. and with the deaths of several African-American activists, the civil rights movement was at its peak in 1955. (Brinkmeyer, 18-22). The story unfolds in this context. O'Connor's story is told by a third-person narrator, but the focus is on the Grandmother's perspective of events. The first and very important theme of this story is the conflict between prejudices vs. tolerance. The Grandmother proclaims "Here this fellow that calls himself The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida and you read here what it says he did to these people. Just you read it. I wouldn't take my children in any direction with a criminal like that aloose in it. I couldn't answer to my conscience if I did." (O'Connor, 137) on a different occasion she is dressed up "in case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady" (O'Connor, 138) shows the conservative nature of the woman which is nothing but an extended ego of her prejudices. Time and again her exclamations and statements narrates that she is not color blind in any sense. But once confronted with Misfit she appears more open and avant-garde with dialogues like "you shouldn't call yourself The Misfit because I know you're a good man at heart. I can just look a t you and tell" (O'Connor, 147) or when she tells him "I just know you're a good man, you're not a bit common!" (O'Connor, 148) This is a nice gesture to overcome her prejudice and convey herself as an open minded lady who is in the heart a tolerant person by nature. The second theme of this story is the underlying faith in God and religion. The theological discussion at the end of the story, between the grandmother and The Misfit, has gotten a lot of attention from critics. Is she serious about him being her child Does he really believe in Jesus' miracles, since he believes there is no pleasure in life Religious beliefs, invoked only at a moment of dire need are nothing like the beliefs that people live by--or are sudden realizations the actual crux of religious belief There might not be any direct answers to these questions, but there is plenty of room for discussion. The "good man" of the title reverberates off the "good woman" of the last lines. The grandmother would have been a good woman, but during the earlier course of the story, the term "good man" is used quite loosely: the grandmother calls just about anyone she wants to please a "good man." She bemoans, with others, the lack of any real respect or goodness in the present day--people make this complaint all the time. (Gordon, 87) At the same time, she lies, and manipulates, and is generally a pain to everyone--she gets her entire family killed. At the same time, The Misfit does have some points: do punishments fit crimes What is "good" And what did Jesus really do, exactly Dialogues between Grandma and Misfit reveal in entirety the friction between them in terms if faith and a subdued inclination towards religion like "Pray, pray," the grandmother began, "pray, pray . . ." To this Misfit relies "I never was a bad boy that I

The Other Side Of The by Dale Phinn Essay Example for Free

The Other Side Of The by Dale Phinn Essay What does the extract The Other Side Of The Dale show about the things the inspector was looking for when visiting a school? An inspector looks at the teachers and the quality of their teaching. In The Other Side Of The Dale Phinn writes the following about one of the teachers mentioned. She smiled weakly and introduced her self as the teacher of the little ones. Her hand trembled These quotes show the teacher was nervous. Later in the piece he comments about her again. Despite her trembling and frequent blinking at the start of the lesson, she proved to be a good teacher. In this account the inspector notes they have two classrooms and uses one for the infants and one for the juniors. This also shows he is inspecting a Primary school. He also notes the size which is long square rooms with high beamed ceilings. The inspector also comments on the classrooms. He says that the classroom was neat and tidy. This shows they work in a tidy environment and it would make the inspector think they are a good school. He comments on the setting which he would look at when inspecting any school. It is on a cold bleak moor which was strange and desolate. Also it had a grey mist which hung low. The setting shows this is based in the North. This is emphasised by the pupils dialect; Miss twatter in then coops froz up last neight. It were as ard as Brimham rocks. Phinn is also told by a child, Joseph Richard Barclay, that the moor was the scene of a famous battle which took place over four hundred years ago, between the round heads and cavaliers. A lot of men perished on that moor. They say the ground was red with blood. This interest in local history is repeated later when another child, Emily, talks about an object her mum found. Its a sort of buckle. Its maybe from a belt or bag. Its all rusted up with a silver rose in the middle. Other old objects were also discovered but the most humorous is that of a dead cat These examples show the pupils enthusiasm for learning and engaging with their teacher. The inspector is impressed by the schools historical research and another example of this is when he is invited to have a look at the school log books which go back over a hundred years. The log book contains information on the past headmasters of the school. He takes particular interest into the recount of a past inspector. The subjects the headmaster used to teach compared. The interest in the past report is it is negative. ill-managed by a committee of languid, inept amateurs. Phinn comments on how harsh inspectors could be. But mainly the inspector would look at the quality of the pupils work. In The Other Side Of The Dale the write notes the work of the pupils which he sums up by saying I spent the remainder of the morning listening to the children read confidently and clearly and examined their written work. The structure of the poem relates to the theme which is about the school inspector. The structure of the piece is one of the inspector inspecting something then commenting on Joseph Barclay.

The link between the number of carbon atoms in a fuel with the amount of energy it releases :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The link between the number of carbon atoms in a fuel with the amount of energy it releases Alcohols generally belong to compounds whose molecules are based on chains of carbon atoms. They usually contain one oxygen atom, which is joined to a carbon atom by a singular bond. This makes them different to other compounds. The oxygen atom is joined to the hydrogen atom as well as the carbon atom, which makes the oxygen a part of a hydroxyl group. These atoms are generally a part of a hydrocarbon chain. These alcohols can take away water from the body, in which a hydrocarbon chain has replaced a hydrogen atom. Alcohols have a general structure of CnH2n+1OH The aim of this investigation is to see the link between the numbers of carbon atom in a fuel with the amount of energy it releases. There would be a change in the amount of energy given off that is getting greater, the more carbon atoms in the fuel, the more there are more bonds to be broken and formed, thus producing more energy. ‘In a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactant molecule are broken and new ones are formed. Atoms are rearranged. Energy has to be put in to break bonds, and energy is given out when bonds are formed.’ When the total energy put in is greater than the energy put out, the substance cools down (it is endothermic). This is expressed as Ά +ve (delta positive). If the total energy put in is less than the energy created, then the substance warms up (it is exothermic). This is expressed as Ά -ve (delta negative). I will investigate eight different alcohols using an alcohol or spirit burner, to measure the energy change during burning them by measuring the change in temperature of some water held by a container. This container must have a value of specific heat capacity so I could calculate heat transferred to it as well. Probably the most conductive container available for use in the classroom is a calorimeter. As well as not wasting energy in the heating of the container, I could also try to stop heat from escaping the top and edges of the container by covering it with a fitting lid. I will try to prevent the wind from blowing the flames to a different direction so all the windows must be shut. HYPOTHESIS More energy is released as more bonds are formed, below is the list of approximate energy required to break and form all bond involved in burning alcohols TYPE OF BOND ENERGY REQUIRED TO BREAK THE BOND (j)

Frostbite Chapter 6

Six I WAS FEELING PRETTY GOOD about life when I headed to my before-school practice the next day. The secret gathering last night had been super fun, and I felt proudly responsible for fighting the system and encouraging Dimitri to go with Tasha. Better still, I'd gotten my first crack at a silver stake yesterday and had proven I could handle one. High on myself, I couldn't wait to practice even more. Once I was dressed in my usual workout attire, I practically skipped down to the gym. But when I stuck my head inside the practice room from the day before, I found it dark and quiet. Flipping on the light, I peered around just in case Dimitri was conducting some kind of weird, covert training exercise. Nope. Empty. No staking today. â€Å"Shit,† I muttered. â€Å"He's not here.† I yelped and nearly jumped ten feet in the air. Turning around, I looked straight into my mother's narrowed brown eyes. â€Å"What are you doing here?† As soon as the words were out of my mouth, her appearance registered with me. A stretchy spandex shirt with short sleeves. Loose, drawstring workout pants similar to the ones I wore. â€Å"Shit,† I said again. â€Å"Watch your mouth,† she snapped. â€Å"You might behave like you have no manners, but at least try not to sound that way.† â€Å"Where's Dimitri?† â€Å"Guardian Belikov is in bed. He just got back a couple of hours ago and needed to sleep.† Another expletive was on my lips, and I bit it back. Of course Dimitri was asleep. He'd had to drive with Tasha to Missoula during daylight in order to be there during human shopping hours. He'd technically been up all of the Academy's night and had probably only just gotten back. Ugh. I wouldn't have been so quick to encourage him to help her if I'd known it'd result in this. â€Å"Well,† I said hastily. â€Å"I guess that means practice is canceled† â€Å"Be quiet and put these on.† She handed me some training mitts. They were similar to boxing gloves but not as thick and bulky. They shared the same purpose, however: to protect your hands and keep you from gouging your opponent with your nails. â€Å"We've been working on silver stakes,† I said sulkily shoving my hands into the mitts. â€Å"Well, today we're doing this. Come on.† Wishing I'd been hit by a bus on my walk from the dorm today, I followed her out toward the center of the gym. Her curly hair was pinned up to stay out of the way, revealing the back of her neck. The skin there was covered in tattoos. The top one was a serpentine line: the promise mark, given when guardians graduated from academies like St. Vladimir's and agreed to serve. Below that were the molnija marks awarded each time a guardian killed a Strigoi. They were shaped like the lightning bolts they took their name from. I couldn't gauge exact numbers, but let's just say it was a wonder my mom had any neck left to tattoo. She'd wielded a lot of death in her time. When she reached the spot she wanted, she turned toward me and adopted an attack stance. Half expecting her to jump me then and there, I quickly mirrored it. â€Å"What are we doing?† I asked. â€Å"Basic offensive and defensive parrying. Use the red lines.† â€Å"That's all?† I asked. She leapt toward me. I dodgedjust barelyand tripped over my own feet in the process. Hastily, I righted myself. â€Å"Well,† she said in a voice that almost sounded sarcastic. â€Å"As you seem so keen on reminding me, I haven't seen you in five years. I have no idea what you can do.† She moved on me again, and again I just barely kept within the lines in escaping her. That quickly became the pattern. She never really gave me the chance to go on the offensive. Or maybe I just didn't have the skills to take the offensive. I spent all my time defending myselfphysically, at least. Grudgingly, I had to acknowledge to myself that she was good. Really good. But I certainly wasn't going to tell her that. â€Å"So, what?† I asked. â€Å"This is your way of making up for maternal negligence?† â€Å"This is my way of making you get rid of that chip on your shoulder. You've had nothing but attitude for me since I arrived. You want to fight?† Her fist shot out and connected with my arm. â€Å"Then we'll fight. Point.† â€Å"Point,† I conceded, backing up to my side. â€Å"I don't want to fight. I've just been trying to talk to you.† â€Å"Mouthing off to me in class isn't what I'd really call talking. Point.† I grunted from the hit. When I'd first begun training with Dimitri, I'd complained that it wasn't fair for me to fight someone a foot taller than me. He'd pointed out that I'd fight plenty of Strigoi taller than me and that the old adage was true: size doesn't matter. Sometimes I thought he was giving me false hope, but judging from my mom's performance here, I was starting to believe him. I'd never actually fought anyone smaller than me. As one of the few girls in the novice classes, I accepted that I was almost always going to be shorter and slimmer than my opponents. But my mother was smaller still and clearly had nothing but muscle packed into her petite body. â€Å"I have a unique style of communication, that's all,† I said. â€Å"You have a petty teenage delusion that you've somehow been wronged for the last seventeen years.† Her foot hit my thigh. â€Å"Point. When in reality, you've been treated no differently than any other dhampir. Better, actually. I could have sent you off to live with my cousins. You want to be a blood whore? Is that what you wanted?† The term â€Å"blood whore† always made me flinch. It was a term often applied to the single dhampir mothers who decided to raise their children instead of becoming guardians. These women often had short-term affairs with Moroi men and were looked down on for iteven though there wasn't really anything else they could have done, since Moroi men usually ended up marrying Moroi women. The â€Å"blood whore† term came from the fact that some dhampir women let men drink blood from them during sex. In our world, only humans gave blood. A dhampir doing it was dirty and kinkyespecially during sex. I suspected only a few dhampir women actually did this, but unfairly, the term tended to get applied to all of them. I had given blood to Lissa when we had run away, and although it had been a necessary act, the stigma still stayed with me. â€Å"No. Of course I don't want to be a blood whore.† My breathing was becoming heavy. â€Å"And they're not all like that. There're only a few that actually are.† â€Å"They bring that reputation on themselves,† she growled. I dodged her strike. â€Å"They should be doing their duty as guardians, not continuing to fool around and have flings with Moroi.† â€Å"They're raising their children,† I grunted. I wanted to yell but couldn't waste the oxygen. â€Å"Something you'd know nothing about. Besides, aren't you the same as they are? I don't see a ring on your finger. Wasn't my dad just a fling for you?† Her face turned hard, which is saying something when you're already beating up your daughter. â€Å"That,† she said tightly, â€Å"is something you know nothing about. Point.† I winced at the blow but was happy to see I'd struck a nerve. I had no clue who my dad was. The only bit of information I had was that he was Turkish. I might have my mom's curvy figure and pretty facethough I could smugly say mine was much prettier than hers nowadaysbut the rest of my coloring was from him. Lightly tanned skin with dark hair and eyes. â€Å"How'd it happen?† I asked. â€Å"Were you on some assignment in Turkey? Meet him at a local bazaar? Or was it even cheaper than that? Did you go all Darwin and select the guy most likely to pass on warrior genes to your offspring? I mean, I know you only had me because it was your duty, so I suppose you had to make sure you could give the guardians the best specimen you could.† â€Å"Rosemarie,† she warned through gritted teeth, â€Å"for once in your life, shut up.† â€Å"Why? Am I tarnishing your precious reputation? It's just like you told me: you aren't any different from any other dhampir either. You just screwed him and† There's a reason they say, â€Å"Pride goeth before a fall.† I was so caught up in my own cocky triumph that I stopped paying attention to my feet. I was too close to the red line. Going outside of it was another point for her, so I scrambled to stay within and dodge her at the same time. Unfortunately, only one of those could work. Her fist came flying at me, fast and hardand, perhaps most importantly, a bit higher than the permissable according to rules of this kind of exercise. It smacked me in the face with the power of a small truck, and I flew backward, hitting the hard gym floor back-first and head-second. And I was out of the lines. Damn it. Pain cracked through the back of my head, and my vision went blurry and sparkly. Within seconds, my mother was leaning over me. â€Å"Rose? Rose? Are you okay?† Her voice sounded hoarse and frantic. The world swam. At some point after that, other people came, and I somehow wound up in the Academy's med clinic. There, someone shone a light in my eyes and started asking me incredibly idiotic questions. â€Å"What's your name?† â€Å"What?† I asked, squinting at the light. â€Å"Your name.† I recognized Dr. Olendzki peering over me. â€Å"You know my name.† â€Å"I want you to tell me.† â€Å"Rose. Rose Hathaway.† â€Å"Do you know your birthday?† â€Å"Of course I do. Why are you asking me such stupid things? Did you lose my records?† Dr. Olendzki gave an exasperated sigh and walked off, taking the annoying light with her. â€Å"I think she's fine,† I heard her tell someone. â€Å"I want to keep her here for the school day, just to make sure she doesn't have a concussion. I certainly don't want her anywhere near her guardian classes.† I spent the day moving in and out of sleep because Dr. Olendzki kept waking me up to do her tests. She also gave me an ice pack and told me to keep it close to my face. When the Academy's classes let out, she deemed me well enough to leave. â€Å"I swear, Rose, I think you should have a frequent patient's card.† There was a small smile on her face. â€Å"Short of those with chronic problems like allergies and asthma, I don't think there's any other student I've seen here so often in such a short period of time.† â€Å"Thanks,† I said, not really sure I wanted the honor. â€Å"So, no concussion?† She shook her head. â€Å"No. You're going to have some pain, though. I'll give you something for that before you go.† Her smile faded, and suddenly she looked nervous. â€Å"To be honest, Rose, I think most of the damage happened to, well, your face.† I shot up from the bed. â€Å"What do you mean ‘most of the damage happened to my face'?† She gestured to the mirror above the sink on the far side of the room. I ran over to it and looked at my reflection. â€Å"Son of a bitch!† Purplish red splotches covered the upper portion of the left side of my face, particularly near the eye. Desperately, I turned around to face her. â€Å"This is going to go away soon, right? If I keep the ice on it?† She shook her head again. â€Å"The ice can help†¦but I'm afraid you're going to have a wicked black eye. It'll probably be at its worst tomorrow but should clear up in a week or so. You'll be back to normal before long.† I left the clinic in a daze that had nothing to do with my head injury. Clear up in a week or so? How could Dr. Olendzki speak so lightly about this? Didn't she realize what was happening? I was going to look like a mutant for Christmas and most of the ski trip. I had a black eye. A freaking black eye. And my mother had given it to me.

Environmental Case Analysis Essay

The case tells about the current crisis in the New England fisheries, which recorded the devastation in the ocean ecosystem due to overfishing in that part of the globe. The discovery of the George Bank or â€Å"St. George’s Shoal† in the northern pole between the Newfoundland and Labrador in 1821 paved the opportunity for the fishing industry by the Gloucester’s fleet since then (p. 42) until groups of fishermen exploited the area in 1950 from different countries such as the Russians, Germans, Poles, and Spanish (p. 44). It is said that the modern vessels using modern facilities in fishing used by the latter fishermen had triggered the extinction of the many kinds of fishes in the sea. Today, it is documented that rich stock of living organisms that includes the marine food web have decreased in a very alarming level. The twentieth century fishing left the marine resources at stake with a report of sixteen percent decrease per year, with a total loss of about ninety percent of â€Å"predatory fishes† (p. 37). The George Bank, which was previously overpopulated with living organisms, had damaged considerably enough to call the attention of the authorities as well as the stakeholders to act upon the tragic loss. It is recorded that the Gloucester’s fleet and smaller craft in 1859 had brought in â€Å"60,000 barrels of mackerel, 11,400,000 pounds of codfish, and 4,590,000 pounds of halibut,† and few million of other species (p. 42). Since 1970’s, the decline began spontaneously; with record of about â€Å"4. 4 million tons of fish† in 1973 to â€Å"2. 6 millions of tons in 1992† is an indication that ecosystem in the bank is getting impoverished. Variety of fishes may face extinction which range from predators or species of higher tropic level such as tuna and halibut to species of lower tropic level such plankton-eaters such as anchovies and cod. The worst is, since the main predators as well as the codfish and haddock are facing annihilation, the dogfish and skate may dominate George Bank, and that will cause â€Å"ecological shift† (p. 46). Because of this, the market has changed its demand for dogfish and skate (ibid). Thus, many concerned individual and groups take into account the crisis and proposed recommendation to revive the sea. For instance, the East Coast Fisheries Federation executive director James O’Malley suggested the â€Å"50% effort reduction† to replenish the stock of fish in the bank (p. 48). This problem concerns the many stakeholders particularly the people who are dependent on fish for food such as in the case of people of Europe and America. Likewise, if the fifty reduction or other proposals such as the â€Å"buyout† scheme or fish farming may also harm the fishermen for their bread and butter is fishing. This will also harm the fishing industry. There will be constant battle between the opposing interests of government and business groups, which includes global fisheries, for both attend to their own interests. No matter what, if the problem will not be settled, worst scenario may come about – damage in the ocean ecosystem and extinction of fishes which is vital to human survival. Relationship to Science and Ethics The sustainability of the â€Å"marine food web† lies greatly on reducing fishing capacity until such time that oceans reach appropriate level. In connection, when fishing activity is reduced, the serial depletions or collapse of species will gradually reduce and thus improves the condition in the ecosystem. This will provide sufficiency for all the people who need sea foods for survival. In this endeavor, people are to work hard hand in hand to increase the sustainability of oceans in providing food that people need. Without reducing in fishing will affect the ecosystems of the fishes and other living organisms in the water because those involve in the marine food web are important and interconnected in the chain. For instance, the predators though serve a negative impact on their prey yet, provide help in the preservation of the prey in such a way that they also consume â€Å"other predators and competitors† so the prey will abound and will become â€Å"available for humans† (Pauly, Christensen, Guenette, Pitcher, Sumaila, Watson, & Zeller). Thus, their extinction may lead to worst condition to prey. In addition, according to Pauly, et. al. , there will be reduction in the â€Å"number and length of pathways linking food fishes to the primary producers† that results to fluctuations in the population of the prey. Thus, the issue of overexploitation done by people to the marine life is a threat to human consumption that without appropriate and immediate action, people will greatly suffer. The ethics that must be seen in this case is the interest that governs every action. Whose interest should prevail – the interest of majority or the interest of few for money? Either of the interest will determine the action that will be made. What persuades us the value of preserving the New England fisheries? The above alarming scenario in the marine life is enough to consider steps towards reducing fishing around the area. Stakeholders must cooperate with each other towards the preservation of the remaining life in the ocean for the benefit of many more people. Above many reasons, the preservation of marine life through fishing reduction will ensure the future of the food supply. Definitely, if fishing continues, none will be left for humans for there will be no chance for these species to survive. The demand for immediate action is great that international cooperation is deemed important. The process may take several years before full the recovery, yet the impact is lasting – for men’s survival. Preservation of New England Aquatic ecosystem is another reason for this. Even politicians and government leaders and even ordinary fishermen have taken for granted the ill effect of overfishing because they all thought that â€Å"ocean will yield what we need† (Pauly, et. al). People never realize that as human population increases, the water resources decrease to supply the demand for food. Thus, the preservation of ecosystem could sustain the healthy economy of the country because biological resources are sufficient to supply ecological needs. How does it happen that it is in no one’s interest to preserve the fisheries but it is everyone’s interest to preserve the fishery? At this point in time, though there are studies conducted on the serious problem with aquatic life, people often neglect their responsibility because they have a negative attitude about the problem. The fishermen understand the problem but they resist doing positive action, rather, they are â€Å"against limits, against collectivization and consolidation, against being regulated, reformed, and brought in line with the common good for the long run† (p. 52). This particular problem will lead to total collapse of the ocean ecosystem that affects every individual. Well, preservation of fishery is everyone’s business. This must be understood by every stakeholder especially the fishermen. The efforts by the civic groups and the government must also direct to these individual by reeducating them of the true intention of the action. Reference Pauly, D. , Christensen, V. , Guenette, S. , Pitcher, T. , Sumaila, R. , Watson, W. , & Zeller, D. (2002). Towards sustainability in world fisheries. Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science, 418 (689-695). http://www. nature. com/nature/journal/v418/n6898/full/nature01017. html Skunked. Crisis in the New England Fisheries (file attachment)

Technology and the Stock Market essays

Technology and the Stock Market essays The purpose of this research paper is to prove that technology has been good for the stock market. Thanks to technology, there are now more traders than ever because of the ease of trading online with firms such as Auditrade and Ameritrade. There are also more stocks that are doing well because they are in the technology field. The New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ have both benefitted from the recent technological movement. The NYSE says they are dedicated to maintaining the most efficient and technologically advanced marketplace in the world. The key to that leadership has been the state-of-the-art technology and systems development. Technology serves to support and enhance the human judgement at point-of-sale. NASDAQ, the worlds first fully electronic stock market, started trading on February 8th, 1971. Today, it is the fastest growing stock market in the United States. It alo ranks second among the worlds securities in terms of dollar value. By constantly evolving to meet the changing needs of investors and public companies, NASDAQ has achieved more than almost any other market, in a shorter period of time. Technology has also helped investors buy stocks in other markets. Markets used to open at standard local times. This would cause an American trader to sleep through the majority of a Japanese trading day. With more online and afterhours trading, investors have more access to markets so that American traders can still trade Japanese stocks. This is also helped by an expansion of most market times. Afterhours trading is available from most online trading firms. For investing specialists, technology provides operational capability for handling more stocks and greatly increased volumes of trading. Specialists can follow additional sources of market information, and multiple trading and post-trade functions, all on one screen at work or at home. They are also given interfaces to &...

The Picture of Dorian Gray Book Review

'The Picture of Dorian Gray' Book Review Oscar Wildes  only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) is a classic instance of the aestheticism of the late 19th centurys  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹English literature. The maxim of aestheticism art for arts sake is reflected in the opening of the novel, which specifies arts aim to reveal the art and conceal the artist. For greater emphasis, Wilde defines the artist as free of ethical sympathies and morbidity. Even books are seen as only well written or badly written and not as moral or amoral. Following this prelude on art and beauty, Wilde weaves a  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹plot that explores the issue to its core. The plot of The Picture of Dorian Gray, if seen apart from the wit and epigrams of Lord Henry is serious and, at times, even somber. Dorian Gray is a young and handsome man whose well-off friend Lord Henry takes him to an art-loving painter, Basil Hallward. The painter makes a picture of Dorian Gray, a fascinating piece that makes Dorian wish to stop aging. His wish is fulfilled and the picture starts aging instead of young Dorian. The consequence is a disaster. Oscar Wilde has created an amusing tale that does not end very happily but ends beautifully with our easy-going Lord Henry still chirping. Style and Setting Anyone who has read dramatic fiction (Oscar Wilde in particular) will not find it hard to see the style of the storys narrative as closer to drama than a novel. Wilde is not obsessed with describing settings in detail as a novelist with a constructive bent would be. But the brevity of description is masterfully covered in the warm and witty conversations that fill most of the novel. The epigrams of Lord Henry shoot arrows of gentle satire on different elements of society. Women, America, faithfulness, stupidity, marriage, romance, humanity, and weather are just some of the numerous targets of Wildes criticism, which the readers receive from the sharp but sweet tongue of Lord Henry. The twittering lord is thus made an indelible  character for his ease of expression and his envied indifference. Yet, the author does not rely solely on spoken words to impart his impression. He describes some scenes in words that evoke a vivid image in the readers mind. Perhaps the best of these is Dorian Grays brief journey through the dark and filthy streets that stand in an obtrusive contrast to his luxurious entourage but which also bear a remarkable resemblance to the kind of life he has embraced. Characters in The Picture of Dorian Gray Like his stories and plays, Oscar Wilde does not employ many characters to run the story of his novel. Nearly the entire plot is nucleated around Dorian, Lord Henry, and the artist Basil. Minor characters like the Duchess of Harley serve the purpose of initiating or furthering topics that would ultimately be the butt of Lord Henrys repartees. The character description and motivation are again left mainly to the perceptual capacity of the readers. Wilde is always testing the aesthetics of his readers and the easier you go with his characters disposition, the greater insight you gain. Self-Love and the Vulnerability of Beauty The Picture of Dorian Gray addresses more than one theme. The primary appeal of the subject of beauty, as it appears to eyes, is the main focus of the novel. Wilde reveals the tenderness of self-love, or narcissism, which sometimes fails to find an object outside itself. Dorians beauty, unlike Basils art and Lord Henrys social status, is more vulnerable to decay with time. But it is not this weakness of beauty to age that brings the disaster upon our protagonist. It is the consciousness of the owner of beauty to his own wealth that triggers the boundless fear of perishingfear that causes his doom. Unlike Lord Henrys ease about his rank, Dorians angst about the ephemeral nature of his beauty is shown as the true enemy of a persons self. The philosophical boundaries of Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray are too deep to track to their ends. The novel addresses the issue of self-concept as portrayed in art. Further, it connects a persons emotional response to his/her own image. While Dorian remains young and beautiful, the mere sight of an aging picture of him is unbearably painful. It would be too presumptuous to conclude that The Picture of Dorian Gray is a work of beauty with no moralistic purpose. Wilde was not a moralist (as many of us already know) and within the book, there is not much to emphasize a moral code or right conduct. But the novel, in its covert meaning, is not without a moral lesson. We can easily see that beauty is ephemeral and any attempt to deny this fact is amoral. It brings ruin as shows the case of Dorian Gray.

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Microeconomics - Essay Example Another major barrier blocking a firm’s entry into a new market is the raising of sufficient capital to buy necessary products or technology. While this barrier is clearly industry specific, it can surface in terms of financing to buy the business itself, or in start-up costs that are necessary to purchase machines, technology, or patents that will permit full organizational operation. Another barrier is the nature of predatory pricing. This functions when the established firm is able to sell products for prices wherein they take a loss for a period of time as a means of putting the competing firm out of business. Another major barrier for entry in a market is the nature of exclusive relationships with suppliers. In these instance, the established firm is able to sign deals wherein the supplier is only able to sell products to the established firm; in-effect making it impossible for new firms to enter the market 2. The demand curve for a purely monopolistic firm differs from t he demand curve for competitive firm in significant ways (Krugman 2005). One of the important concepts to recognize in these regards is the nature of market power. Market power is understood as the ability of a business or firm to raise prices above the marginal cost level and still retain customers. In firms experiencing a purely competitive market environment, the market power is non-existent. In these situations, then, the demand curve for purely competitive firms is a horizontal line. This reflects the nature of market prices as static due to market conditions of pure competition that ensure the market prices don’t rise about the level of marginal costs. Conversely, the demand curve for a firm in a market experiencing pure monopoly is entirely different. In a purely monopolistic market the firm experiences no competition from outside firms. In these regards, the nature of the market is not based on supply and demand, but is constituted by the monopoly itself. In these sit uations, the firm has close to complete power; yet, the firm is still bounded by the price consumers are willing to pay for the product. In pure monopolistic situations, the demand curve is the exact equivalent of the price the firm establishes. This is because consumer demand will decrease with the increased price, yet it is entirely determined by this element, as there are no outside competitive factors. 3. When considering the nature of productive efficiencies and allocative efficiencies, it’s clear that there are a number of notable differences (‘Productive vs Allocative Efficiency’). In firms or markets that promote productive efficiency measures, the major goal is to produce goods or services for the lowest cost that is possible. In achieving optimal productive efficiency the firm is implementing all of its inputs and workforce to ultimate efficiency measures as a means of driving down product prices to the lowest possible level. Productive efficiency is di fferentiated from allocative efficiency. Allocative efficiency is concerned with the allocation of resources throughout society. Allocative efficiency recognizes that not all goods that are produced can be utilized by society, so that in overproducing goods can negatively affect efficiency levels. The primary difference between these types of efficiency then is the nature of the end goal; with

A History of Modern Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A History of Modern Psychology - Essay Example Following the year 1870, college students in the United States increasingly became responsive to the innovative psychology: a professor at Harvard University, William James, initiated theories of intellect and displayed pragmatic results with a set of ‘brass devices’, taken from laboratories of physics and physiology. â€Å"Wundt, who is considered to be the originator of contemporary psychology† (Schultz, 2011), wrote extensively on psychology as an autonomous educational field and, during the year 1879, founded the earliest psychological laboratory. Sigmund Freud developed his individual structure of psychology as well as psychiatric therapy, which he named as psychoanalysis. His structure was extended by means of an apprentice technique of â€Å"training analysis† (Schultz, 2011) earlier than the psychoanalyst started a private practice. Psychoanalysis within America turns out to be linked with the medicinal line of work, expanding independently from edu cational psychology. Early Western philosophy is identified largely by the three great thinkers: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. They set the groundwork for Western philosophy by investigating and describing the â€Å"range, scope, method, terminology, and problematic of psychological investigation† (Goodwin, 2008). In the 19th century, the issue of the ‘relationship of mind to brain’ turns out to be ever more critical. In fact, the concern was so profound that it is complicated to discover a methodical text printed after 1860 that does not have a dialogue about this concern. Largely, this directly revealed two key advancements that united to make an impact on philosophers as well as psychologists with the ‘centrality of the mind/brain problem’. The first of these deals with improvement in understanding the localization of intellectual job, founded on the thought that the brain serves as the part of mind. The second deals with a rising awareness with the opinion that mental occurrences - such as faiths, intellectual ideas, captivating trance states, and intuitive upsets - occasionally result in drastic modifications in the condition of the body. This alteration took place as advancement was made in knowing the nature of functional nervous disorders’. During the year 1870, Shadworth Hodgson provided the earliest contemporary expression of a vision that he named as ‘epiphenomenalism’ (Benjamin, 2006). Descartes had envisioned the thought that animals were entirely â€Å"physical automata devoid of mental states, a notion that carries with it the implication that a completely self-sufficient neural mechanism can produce complicated and apparently intelligent acts† (Benjamin, 2006). Later this vision was broadened to include human beings, but moderated so that just the underlying usefulness and not the real existence of psychological conditions were rejected. In addition, dominant in the rising discipline of psychology, were discussions surrounding the usefulness of Mesmerism in addition to the importance of phrenology. The earlier one was extended during the year 1770 by Anton Mesmer, who declared to apply the control of ‘gravity’ to heal a number of physical as well as psycho

Q mthds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Q mthds - Essay Example (Weiss, 2004) For me, statistics are everywhere around us in this world. We face a lot of situation which involves statistics and more particularly descriptive statistics in our lives. In fact this interaction with statistics is so frequent that it is often very difficult to spend even hours of our lives without having to look at statistics or descriptive statistics. The reason behind statistics being all around us, confines in the daily activities or routine tasks, which we go through. For example, suppose we are watching a match involving our favorite NBA team, Lakers. Before the match we are going to make some inferences. These inferences will be based on the basis of statistics are more importantly descriptive statistics. For example, to say Lakers is going to win will be based on certain variables that both the Lakers and the opposing team possess. For example, our inferences could be based on the fact that on average, Lakers is scoring more baskets than the opposing team. Simil arly it can be on the basis that the players of Lakers such as Bryant and Gosol are taller than the players of opposing team. It could be any reason based on the variable between the two teams. If we define variable, it is used to define certain characteristics that differ from one person to another or from one entity to another. This is how we can use statistics as tool to make inferences in our daily life and gives us a little idea about how important statistics can be. From the above example, it has become really clear that statistics play vital role in our daily lives. The above example might not affect our lives greatly but think about certain situation where using the techniques of descriptive statistics can make our lives better, if we apply the right techniques to a data and make inferences which might benefit us. Let's now take an example of a company which trades stocks in NYSE. Suppose that the market is bullish and shares prices are rising. This increase could be graphed as the following diagram: Source: http://www.nasdaq.com/ Date: 28 September 2009 The above diagram shows the data of NYSE index on a 28 September 2009. From the above data, we can see that the market has reached peak at 1'o'clock. By the use of descriptive statistics and comparing the data of several days, we may come to a conclusion that NYSE reaches its peak each day at 1'o'clock and can disburse all the investment before 1'o'clock to make huge profits. This will create a motivation for the company to invest in the shares by large amount to maximize its profits. However, suppose that the market has a trend that after reaching a certain point it goes down or loses its value. (Orr, 1995) If this trend line or line of best fit, which is a part of descriptive statistics, is known, it will provide this company comprehendible information about not only the timings and compositions of optimum investment in NYSE, but will also tell the company when to divest from the market, before the market indices start to fall. This is how giant brokers operating New York Stock Exc hange make the use of descri

The Chronicle Death Foretold English Literature Essay

The Chronicle Death Foretold English Literature Essay I returned to this forgotten village, trying to put the broken mirror of memory back together from so many scattered shards, summarizes the narrators entire expedition to Sucre trying to unravel an unsolved mystery of the murder of Santiago Nasar. This essay will explore how memories serve as a tool in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Memories seem to be the only source of information for the narrator and are frequently used by Marquez to bring to the reader the plot, albeit in a non-sequential order. Memories not only help in determining a characters perception of events but also create ambiguity. Marquez showcases some memories as contradicting and the others as vaguely similar to what actually happens in the lives of the characters twenty-seven years back. The writer creates a relation between the reader and narrator with the help of first-person narrative; this engages the reader more as he leaves them to decide whose memory should be trusted. One of many words that can be associated with this story is enigma, as a result of Marquezs non-linear narrative. Although the story begins with the revelation of specific memories of the murder such as the time, setting and the victim, the suspense lies in the context why the Vicario brothers kill Nasar. Marquez uses stereotypical techniques that accompany a mystery revealing conflicting memories of different characters at once: It wasnt raining, Pablo Vicario remembered. Just the opposite, Pedro recalled  [2]  . While Victoria Guzman was sure that it had not rained the entire month of February, some others claimed that the weather was funereal  [3]  and a thin drizzle  [4]  was falling. Thus, one cannot effectively visualize the setting of the day Nasar is murdered; these contradicting reminiscences of weather are perhaps intended to create uncertainty. The uncertainty in the recollections of weather not only forebode Santiago Nasars death, but also help the writer in using it as a tool to forebode other impending uncertainties, which are a result of ambiguous memories. This helps the writer in weaving an atmosphere of suspense. The memories of characters effectively bring out the dynamics of relationships in the plot. That the Columbian culture emphasized on strong filial bonds is clearly discerned in Placida Lineros memory of her son: The last image his mother had of him was that of his fleeting passage through the bedroomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ as she would remember him forever  [5]  . Her memories reveal the strong tie between Santiago and herself, years after her sons death. Marquez also presents the flipside of filial bonds through Angelas recollection of her relationship with her mother. Angela only recollects the harsh incidents and the severity with which her mother dealt with her when she was returned by Bayardo San Roman for losing her virginity before marriage: The only thing I can remember is that she was holding me by the hair with one hand and beating me with the other with such rage that I thought she was going to kill me  [6]  . Purisima del Carmens vigilant disposition, made Angela subservi ent to her. This reflects on Angelas upbringing, a certain lack of trust, thereby, the dynamics of their relationship. Santiago Nasars character is established through the varied memories of him. The memories of minor characters also add to the multiple perspectives of Nasar and his murder. Flora Miguel said Here you are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦And I hope they kill you!  [7]  . But on the other hand Luisa Santiaga and Yamil Shaium try stopping the murder to save Nasar. With this in mind, he can also be claimed the protagonist of this chronicle, as all memories, either good or bad, are centered around him. The memories of individuals serve different purposes, than when used collectively to discover the truth. Separately, memories add a different angle to the recollection, by including each characters thoughts and feelings. There has never been a death more foretold  [8]  , the narrator remarks during his journey. It can also be inferred that the characters themselves did not remember the event chronologically but rather in bits and pieces. This also refers to the title, as per definition of a chronicle; it is not sequenced chronologically Jointly, memories help the writer to gather all the recollections to narrate an event that takes the reader back in time, to describe events during the wedding: I had a very confused memory of the festival before I decided to rescue it piece by piece from the memory of others  [9]  . Using memory as a motif, the writer also creates literary tension as he tries fitting all these pieces of memory together to present a sensible picture. Memories bring to life the rationale represented by Columbian culture in the eighteenth century. The writers use of memories draws a parallel between the social conventions of that period and those twenty-seven years later. Pablos wife claimed: I never would have married him if he hadnt done what a man should do  [10]  . The importance of family honor and machismo and the correlation between the two remains the same after twenty seven years. Memories therefore play mediator through different time periods by presenting the unchanged social constructs and norms. Using memories, the writer presents elements of magical realism through such instances as the dissection of Santiago Nasars body (It was as if we killed him all over again after he was dead  [11]  ) and the recollection of the priest (the dogs, aroused by the smell of death  [12]  ). These instances add to the uncertainty and create anticipation, as the suspense is revealed slowly. Later in the text, even with the description of Nasars body being cut open and stitched back together, the effect of using magical realism here is to show how Nasars reputation was questioned and how is identity was erased, after his murder. Memories are also used as a cathartic tool to purge the guilt associated with Santiago Nasars murder. The entire community is to blame for it and their memories either come across as excuses or remorse for not informing Santiago that he was in danger. (The) twins declared at the end of the trial that they would have done it again a thousand times over for the same reason  [13]  . This conveys how the brothers attempt to purge themselves of the guilt related with the murder, by convincing themselves more than the narrator or the reader that they are guiltless. We killed him openly, Pedro Vicario said, but were innocent.  [14]  They repeatedly try to justify their act, to escape the guilt and remorse associated with killing a man, whose culpability they are, perhaps, uncertain about. Marquezs portrayal of a mystery catches the attention of the readers instantly. The use of memories is prevalent in different forms and consistent through the entire mystery. Although the investigation has been carried out after so many years, it still gives rise to a few significant questions about. Thus, the reader may question the accuracy of these memories and whether they can actually be of any help in understanding the reasons for death of Santiago Nasar. The answer to this question could probably be traced through the authenticity or reliability of these memories, and the reconstruction of these broken pieces, that Marquez puts together for the reader, as a complete chronicle.